Sun Exposure: Sun, Part Sun
Soil Moisture: Medium, Medium-Wet, Wet
Soil Type: Loam, Sand, Clay
Height: 20-30 feet (large shrub/small tree)
Spread: 20 feet
Blooms: April, May, June, July
Root: rhizomatous
Habitat: mixed thickets, dryer exposed sites, river banks, edges of woods and swamps, roadsides/fence rows
Landscape uses: Windbreaks, naturalization, hedgerows
Complimentary Plants: wild columbine, blue-stemmed aster, large-leaved aster, shade tolerant wild grasses/sedges
Wildlife Value: Berries are a food source for mammals and birds, flowers are attractive to butterflies and other pollinators
Host Plant: Columbia silkmoth and Small-eyed sphinx moth, 
Seed Origin: Simcoe County
Germination Code: cold/moist stratification for 60-90 days