Sun Exposure: Sun - Part Sun
Soil Moisture: Medium, Medium-Dry
Soil Type: Sand, Loam, Clay-Loam
Height: 3-4 feet
Spread: 2 feet
Blooms: June, July, August, September
Root: Fibrous
Habitat: Open woodlands, Forest edges, Semi-open prairies
Landscape uses: Pollinator gardens, Deer resistant.
Complimetary plants: Black eyed Susan, Stiff Goldenrod, Little Bluestem
Wildlife Value: The flowers are cross-pollinated primarily by honeybees, bumblebees, digger bees (Melissodes spp.), leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.), Halictid bees (Lasioglossum spp., etc.), and Masked bees (Hylaeus spp.), which seek nectar or pollen. Other occasional floral visitors are Syrphid flies, bee flies, and various butterflies, skippers, and moths. The seeds feed songbirds throughout winter.  Hollow stems provide nesting opportunities for cavity nesting bees.
Seed Origin: Winona, MN (Prairie Moon Nursery)
Germination Code:  C(30), D
 
Photo cedits: #4/5/6 by Sundaura Alford-Purvis, Photo #7 by Meneerke bloem